What Are the Types of Macular Degeneration?

Macular degeneration is a prevalent eye condition that can significantly impact your vision as you age. Understanding the different types of macular degeneration and their associated symptoms, causes, and treatment options is crucial for maintaining healthy eyesight.

What is Macular Degeneration?

Macular degeneration is a progressive eye condition that primarily affects the macula, the part of the eye responsible for central vision. As the macula deteriorates, it becomes increasingly difficult for you to see fine details, read, or perform tasks that require sharp, clear vision. Macular degeneration is typically classified into two main types: dry macular degeneration and wet macular degeneration.
 

Dry Macular Degeneration

Dry macular degeneration is the most common form of the condition, affecting approximately 80-90% of individuals with macular degeneration. This type is characterized by the gradual buildup of yellow deposits called drusen under the macula, which can lead to progressive vision loss over time.

The early stages of dry macular degeneration often do not have any noticeable symptoms. As the condition progresses, you may experience the following symptoms:
 

• Gradual loss of central vision

• Difficulty reading or performing tasks that require fine detail

• Distorted or blurred vision

• Decreased sensitivity to contrast and color

Treatment Options for Dry Macular Degeneration

There is no cure for dry macular degeneration, but there are several treatment options that can help slow the progression of the condition and manage its symptoms:
 

• Dietary supplements: Certain supplements, such as those containing antioxidants, zinc, and vitamins C and E, have been shown to slow the progression of dry macular degeneration in some individuals.

• Lifestyle modifications: Making lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy diet, and protecting your eyes from UV and blue light exposure, can help manage the condition.

• Low-vision aids: Devices like magnifiers, special lenses, and assistive technology can help you adapt to the vision changes caused by dry macular degeneration.

Wet Macular Degeneration

Wet macular degeneration, also known as neovascular or exudative macular degeneration, is a more severe and less common form of the condition, affecting approximately 10-20% of individuals with macular degeneration. This type is characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels under the macula, which can leak fluid and cause rapid vision loss.
 

The symptoms of wet macular degeneration can develop rapidly and include:
 

• Sudden or rapid loss of central vision

• Distorted or wavy vision

• Blind spots or dark areas in the central field of vision

• Difficulty recognizing faces or reading

Treatment Options for Wet Macular Degeneration

The treatment for wet macular degeneration typically involves medications that target the VEGF protein and prevent the growth of abnormal blood vessels. Some of the common treatment options include:
 

• Anti-VEGF injections: These injectable medications, such as ranibizumab, aflibercept, and brolucizumab, work by blocking the VEGF protein and preventing the growth of abnormal blood vessels.

• Photodynamic therapy: This treatment involves the use of a light-sensitive drug and a specific type of laser to destroy the abnormal blood vessels.

• Laser surgery: In some cases, a specialized laser may be used to seal or destroy the leaking blood vessels.

• Low-vision aids: As with dry macular degeneration, low-vision devices can help you adapt to the vision changes caused by wet macular degeneration.

Regular Eye Exams for Early Detection and Monitoring of Macular Degeneration

Regular eye exams are crucial for the early detection and ongoing monitoring of macular degeneration. By visiting your eye care professional for routine check-ups, they can identify the early signs of the condition and implement appropriate treatment strategies to help preserve your vision.

During a comprehensive eye exam, your optometrist will perform various tests, including visual acuity measurements, dilated eye examinations, and imaging techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography. These tests can help detect the presence and progression of macular degeneration, allowing for timely interventions and personalized management of your condition.

Schedule Your Comprehensive Eye Exam with Lakhani Vision Care Today

Macular degeneration is a complex and multifaceted eye condition that can have a significant impact on your quality of life. By understanding the different types of macular degeneration, their causes, symptoms, and available treatment options, you can take proactive steps to manage this condition and preserve your vision.
 

Protect your vision from macular degeneration with expert care at Lakhani Vision Care. Schedule your comprehensive eye exam today and take the first step towards early detection and personalized treatment. Visit our office in Marietta, Georgia, or call (770) 509-9932 to book an appointment today.